Mission Statement
The mission of the ATS training committee's pediatric pulmonary training list is to provide pediatric pulmonary trainees and pediatric residents with a list of peer-reviewed articles that cover key and high-yield topics in the field of pediatric pulmonology that are up to date, comprehensive and pertinent to the practice of pediatric pulmonology.
Goals
- To provide a list of noteworthy and relevant pediatric pulmonary publications that will enhance the clinical care provided by trainees.
- To provide a central location for pediatric pulmonary articles for the incoming and established pediatric pulmonary fellow.
- To provide a repository for recent publications, guidelines, and sentinel articles surrounding key topics of pediatric pulmonary medicine.
- To highlight areas of health disparities in pediatric pulmonary medicine as a basis for awareness and improvement as a pediatric pulmonary society.
Annual maintenance of the pediatric reading list
To collaborate with an expert panel of pediatric pulmonologists and a reading list subcommittee in the pediatric assembly:
Role of the expert panel and subcommittee: To update the ATS Pediatric Reading list annually with:
- Clinical studies that are shaping the debate over the current standard of care.
- Landmark articles of historical significance.
- A select number of highly influential practice guidelines.
- Articles highlighting health disparities in pediatric pulmonary practice.
Aerodigestive Disorders
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Ünal F, Karaaslan GC, Dilaver PY, Kırar H, Nerse F, Yazan H, Kandoğan T, Çalım ÖF, Baysoy G, Öktem S. Improved Respiratory Outcomes Following Multidisciplinary Aerodigestive Care in Medically Complex Children: A Longitudinal Single-Center Study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2026 May;61(5):e71646. doi: 10.1002/ppul.71646. PMID: 42084499; PMCID: PMC13142202.
- Weinberger M, Anbar RD, Buettner D. The Past, Present, and Future Care for Refractory Chronic Cough in Children and Adults. J Clin Med. 2025 Sep 18;14(18):6594. doi: 10.3390/jcm14186594. PMID: 41010798; PMCID: PMC12470525.
Guidelines
- Chang AB, Oppenheimer JJ, Kahrilas PJ, Kantar A, Rubin BK, Weinberger M, Irwin RS; CHEST Expert Cough Panel. Chronic Cough and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Children: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2019 Jul;156(1):131-140. Doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.03.035. Epub 2019 Apr 16. PMID: 31002783; PMCID: PMC6859246.
- de Benedictis FM, Bush A. Respiratory manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children. Arch Dis Child. 2018 Mar;103(3):292-296. Doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-312890. Epub 2017 Sep 7. PMID: 28882881.
- Dziekiewicz M, Marczak H, Banasiuk M, Aksionchyk M, Krenke K, Banaszkiewicz A. Characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with interstitial lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 Jan;58(1):171-177. Doi: 10.1002/ppul.26176. Epub 2022 Oct 11. PMID: 36196557.
Sentinel Articles
- Boesch RP, Balakrishnan K, Acra S, Benscoter DT, Cofer SA, Collaco JM, Dahl JP, Daines CL, DeAlarcon A, DeBoer EM, Deterding RR, Friedlander JA, Gold BD, Grothe RM, Hart CK, Kazachkov M, Lefton-Greif MA, Miller CK, Moore PE, Pentiuk S, Peterson-Carmichael S, Piccione J, Prager JD, Putnam PE, Rosen R, Rutter MJ, Ryan MJ, Skinner ML, Torres-Silva C, Wootten CT, Zur KB, Cotton RT, Wood RE. Structure and Functions of Pediatric Aerodigestive Programs: A Consensus Statement. Pediatrics. 2018 Mar;141(3):e20171701. Doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-1701. Epub 2018 Feb 7. PMID: 29437862.
- Chang AB, Robertson CF, Van Asperen PP, Glasgow NJ, Mellis CM, Masters IB, Teoh L, Tjhung I, Morris PS, Petsky HL, Willis C, Landau LI. A multicenter study on chronic cough in children : burden and etiologies based on a standardized management pathway. Chest. 2012 Oct;142(4):943-950. Doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2725. PMID: 22459773.
- Calabrese F, Rizzo S, Giacometti C, Panizzolo C, Turato G, Snijders D, Lunardi F, Vadori M, Valente M, Saetta M, Barbato A. High viral frequency in children with gastroesophageal reflux-related chronic respiratory disorders. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008 Jul;43(7):690-6. Doi: 10.1002/ppul.20841. PMID: 18500731.
- Wootten CT, Belcher R, Francom CR, Prager JD. Aerodigestive Programs Enhance Outcomes in Pediatric Patients. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2019 Oct;52(5):937-948. Doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2019.06.007. Epub 2019 Aug 7. PMID: 31400814.
Health Disparities.
- Mahdavinia M, Bilaver LA, Fox S, Pappalardo AA, Andy-Nweye AB, Sharma HP, Assa’ad AH, Gupta RS, Tobin MC; FORWARD team. Racial disparity in treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children with food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022 Jan;10(1):339-342.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.10.014. Epub 2021 Oct 19. PMID: 34678499; PMCID: PMC8748421
Asthma
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Averill SH, Forno E. Management of the pediatric patient with asthma and obesity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024 Jan;132(1):30-39. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.10.001. Epub 2023 Oct 10. PMID: 37827386; PMCID: PMC10760917.
- Rosas-Salazar C, Chirkova T, Gebretsadik T, Chappell JD, Peebles RS Jr, Dupont WD, Jadhao SJ, Gergen PJ, Anderson LJ, Hartert TV. Respiratory syncytial virus infection during infancy and asthma during childhood in the USA (INSPIRE): a population-based, prospective birth cohort study. Lancet. 2023 May 20;401(10389):1669-1680. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00811-5. Epub 2023 Apr 20. PMID: 37086744; PMCID: PMC10367596.
- Bacharier LB, Jackson DJ. Biologics in the treatment of asthma in children and adolescents. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023 Mar;151(3):581-589. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.002. Epub 2023 Jan 24. PMID: 36702649.
- LaForce C, Albers F, Danilewicz A, Jeynes-Ellis A, Kraft M, Panettieri RA Jr, Rees R, Bardsley S, Dunsire L, Harrison T, Sobande O, Surujbally R, Trudo F, Cappelletti C, Papi A, Beasley R, Chipps BE, Israel E, Pandya H, Clancy M, Bacharier LB; BATURA Investigators. As-Needed Albuterol-Budesonide in Mild Asthma. N Engl J Med. 2025 Jul 10;393(2):113-124. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2504544. Epub 2025 May 19. PMID: 40388330.
Guidelines
- Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention.". 2026. 2026. https://ginasthma.org/2026-gina-strategy-report/
- Cloutier, M. M., A. P. Baptist, K. V. Blake, E. G. Brooks, T. Bryant-Stephens, E. DiMango, A. E. Dixon, K. S. Elward, T. Hartert, J. A. Krishnan, R. F. Lemanske, D. R. Ouellette, W. D. Pace, M. Schatz, N. S. Skolnik, J. W. Stout, S. J. Teach, C. A. Umscheid, C. G. Walsh, and L.ng Expert Panel Working Group of the National Heart, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) administered and coordinated National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee (NAEPPCC). 2020. "2020 Focused Updates to the Asthma Management Guidelines: A report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group." J Allergy Clin Immunol 146, no. 6 (Dec): 1217-1270
Sentinel Articles
- Bush A, Fleming L, Saglani S. Severe asthma in children. Respirology. 2017 Jul;22(5):886-897. doi: 10.1111/resp.13085. Epub 2017 May 25. PMID: 28543931.
- Gans MD, Gavrilova T. Understanding the immunology of asthma: Pathophysiology, biomarkers, and treatments for asthma endotypes. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2020 Nov;36:118-127. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2019.08.002. Epub 2019 Oct 9. PMID: 31678040.
- Sobieraj, D. M., E. R. Weeda, E. Nguyen, C. I. Coleman, C. M. White, S. C. Lazarus, K. V. Blake, J. E. Lang, and W. L. Baker. 2018. "Association of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting Β-Agonists as Controller and Quick Relief Therapy with Exacerbations and Symptom Control in Persistent Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." JAMA 319, no. 14 (Apr 10): 1485-1496.
Health Disparities
- Lovinsky-Desir S, Riley IL, Bryant-Stephens T, De Keyser H, Forno E, Kozik AJ, Louisias M, Matsui EC, Sheares BJ, Thakur N, Apter AJ, Beck AF, Bentley-Edwards KL, Berkowitz C, Braxton C, Dean J, Jones CP, Koinis-Mitchell D, Okelo SO, Taylor-Cousar JL, Teach SJ, Wechsler ME, Gaffin JM, Federico MJ. Research Priorities in Pediatric Asthma Morbidity: Addressing the Impacts of Systemic Racism on Children with Asthma in the United States. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2024 Oct;21(10):1349-1364. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202407-767ST. PMID: 39352175; PMCID: PMC11451894.
- Bryant-Stephens T, Kenyon CC, Tingey C, Apter A, Pappas J, Minto N, Stewart YS, Shults J. Community Health Workers Linking Clinics and Schools and Asthma Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2024 Dec 1;178(12):1260-1269. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3967. PMID: 39432292; PMCID: PMC11581744.
- Baptist, A. P., A. J. Apter, P. J. Gergen, and B. L. Jones. 2023. "Reducing Health Disparities in Asthma: How Can Progress Be Made." J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 11, no. 3 (Mar): 737-745.
Non-CF Bronchiectasis / PCD
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Kobbernagel HE, Buchvald FF, Haarman EG, Casaulta C, Collins SA, Hogg C, Kuehni CE, Lucas JS, Moser CE, Quittner AL, Raidt J, Rosthøj S, Sørensen AL, Thomsen K, Werner C, Omran H, Nielsen KG. Efficacy and safety of azithromycin maintenance therapy in primary ciliary dyskinesia (BESTCILIA): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 May;8(5):493-505. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30058-8. PMID: 32380069.
- Hannah WB, Seifert BA, Truty R, Zariwala MA, Ameel K, Zhao Y, Nykamp K, Gaston B. The global prevalence and ethnic heterogeneity of primary ciliary dyskinesia gene variants: a genetic database analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2022 May;10(5):459-468. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00453-7. Epub 2022 Jan 17. PMID: 35051411; PMCID: PMC9064931.
- Sagel SD, Kupfer O, Wagner BD, Davis SD, Dell SD, Ferkol TW, Hoppe JE, Rosenfeld M, Sullivan KM, Tiddens HAWM, Knowles MR, Leigh MW. Airway Inflammation in Children with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2023 Jan;20(1):67-74. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202204-314OC. PMID: 35984413; PMCID: PMC9819265
- Kinghorn B, Rosenfeld M, Sullivan E, Onchiri F, Ferkol TW, Sagel SD, Dell SD, Milla C, Shapiro AJ, Sullivan KM, Zariwala MA, Pittman JE, Mollica F, Tiddens HAWM, Kemner-van de Corput M, Knowles MR, Davis SD, Leigh MW. Airway Disease in Children with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Impact of Ciliary Ultrastructure Defect and Genotype. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2023 Apr;20(4):539-547. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202206-524OC. PMID: 36442147; PMCID: PMC10112400.
- Zein J, Owora A, Kim HJ, Marozkina N, Gaston B. Asthma Among Children With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Dec 2;7(12):e2449795. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.49795. PMID: 39652350; PMCID: PMC11629127.
- Raidt J, Riepenhausen S, Pennekamp P, Olbrich H, Amirav I, Athanazio RA, Aviram M, Balinotti JE, Bar-On O, Bode SFN, Boon M, Borrelli M, Carr SB, Crowley S, Dehlink E, Diepenhorst S, Durdik P, Dworniczak B, Emiralioğlu N, Erdem E, Fonnesu R, Gracci S, Große-Onnebrink J, Gwozdziewicz K, Haarman EG, Hansen CR, Hogg C, Holgersen MG, Kerem E, Körner RW, Kötz K, Kouis P, Loebinger MR, Lorent N, Lucas JS, Maj D, Mall MA, Marthin JK, Martinu V, Mazurek H, Mitchison HM, Nöthe-Menchen T, Özçelik U, Pifferi M, Pogorzelski A, Ringshausen FC, Roehmel JF, Rovira-Amigo S, Rumman N, Schlegtendal A, Shoemark A, Sperstad Kennelly S, Staar BO, Sutharsan S, Thomas S, Ullmann N, Varghese J, von Hardenberg S, Walker WT, Wetzke M, Witt M, Yiallouros P, Zschocke A, Ziętkiewicz E, Nielsen KG, Omran H. Analyses of 1236 genotyped primary ciliary dyskinesia individuals identify regional clusters of distinct DNA variants and significant genotype-phenotype correlations. Eur Respir J. 2024 Aug 8;64(2):2301769. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01769-2023. PMID: 38871375; PMCID: PMC11306806.
- Kinghorn B, Mollica F, Caudri D, Davis SD, Dell S, Ferkol TW, Gardner RA, Knowles MR, Milla C, Pittman JE, Rosenfeld M, Sagel SD, Shapiro AJ, Sullivan E, Sullivan KM, Tiddens HAWM, Zariwala MA, Leigh MW; Genetic Disorders of Mucociliary Clearance Consortium. Airway Disease Progression on Chest Computed Tomography in Children With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2025 Sep;60(9):e71287. doi: 10.1002/ppul.71287. PMID: 40965845.
- Ahmad M, Hayat MZ, Tariq M. Repeatability of Multiple Breath Washout in Pediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2026 Apr;61(4):e71617. doi: 10.1002/ppul.71617. PMID: 41947750.
Guidelines
- Beydon N, Kouis P, Marthin JK, Latzin P, Colas M, Davis SD, Haarman E, Harris AL, Hogg C, Kilbride E, Kuehni CE, Marangu D, Nielsen KG, Pendergrast C, Robinson P, Rumman N, Rutter M, Walker WT, Ferkol T, Lucas JS. Nasal nitric oxide measurement in children for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia: European Respiratory Society technical standard. Eur Respir J. 2023 Apr 20;61(4):2202031. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02031-2022. PMID: 36822632.
- Shoemark A, Boon M, Brochhausen C, Bukowy-Bieryllo Z, De Santi MM, Goggin P, Griffin P, Hegele RG, Hirst RA, Leigh MW, Lupton A, MacKenney K, Omran H, Pache JC, Pinto A, Reinholt FP, Schroeder J, Yiallouros P, Escudier E; representing the BEAT-PCD Network Guideline Development Group. International consensus guideline for reporting transmission electron microscopy results in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (BEAT PCD TEM Criteria). Eur Respir J. 2020 Apr 16;55(4):1900725. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00725-2019. PMID: 32060067.
- Marthin JK, Lucas JS, Boon M, Casaulta C, Crowley S, Destouches DMS, Eber E, Escribano A, Haarman E, Hogg C, Maitre B, Marsh G, Martinu V, Moreno-Galdó A, Mussaffi H, Omran H, Pohunek P, Rindlisbacher B, Robinson P, Snijders D, Walker WT, Yiallouros P, Johansen HK, Nielsen KG. International BEAT-PCD consensus statement for infection prevention and control for primary ciliary dyskinesia in collaboration with ERN-LUNG PCD Core Network and patient representatives. ERJ Open Res. 2021 Aug 2;7(3):00301-2021. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00301-2021. PMID: 34350277; PMCID: PMC8326680.
- Kos R, Goutaki M, Kobbernagel HE, Rubbo B, Shoemark A, Aliberti S, Altenburg J, Anagnostopoulou P, Athanazio RA, Beydon N, Dell SD, Emiralioglu N, Ferkol TW, Loebinger MR, Lorent N, Maître B, Marthin J, Morgan LC, Nielsen KG, Ringshausen FC, Shteinberg M, Tiddens HAWM, Maitland-Van der Zee AH, Chalmers JD, Lucas JSA, Haarman EG. A BEAT-PCD consensus statement: a core outcome set for pulmonary disease interventions in primary ciliary dyskinesia. ERJ Open Res. 2024 Jan 8;10(1):00115-2023. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00115-2023. PMID: 38196895; PMCID: PMC10772902.
- Shoemark A, Goutaki M, Kinghorn B, Ardura-Garcia C, Baz-Redón N, Chilvers M, Davis SD, De Brandt J, Dell S, Dhar R, Dixon L, Ferkol T, Hogg C, Legendre M, Leigh M, Lucas JS, Manion M, Rumman N, Toews I, Labonte V, Wee WB, Kouis P, Horani A. European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society guidelines for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Eur Respir J. 2025 Dec 18;66(6):2500745. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00745-2025. PMID: 41005984; PMCID: PMC13101888.
Sentinel Articles
- Davis SD, Rosenfeld M, Lee HS, Ferkol TW, Sagel SD, Dell SD, Milla C, Pittman JE, Shapiro AJ, Sullivan KM, Nykamp KR, Krischer JP, Zariwala MA, Knowles MR, Leigh MW. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Longitudinal Study of Lung Disease by Ultrastructure Defect and Genotype. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Jan 15;199(2):190-198. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201803-0548OC. PMID: 30067075; PMCID: PMC6353004.
- Goutaki M, Papon JF, Boon M, Casaulta C, Eber E, Escudier E, Halbeisen FS, Harris A, Hogg C, Honore I, Jung A, Karadag B, Koerner-Rettberg C, Legendre M, Maitre B, Nielsen KG, Rubbo B, Rumman N, Schofield L, Shoemark A, Thouvenin G, Willkins H, Lucas JS, Kuehni CE. Standardised clinical data from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: FOLLOW-PCD. ERJ Open Res. 2020 Feb 10;6(1):00237-2019. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00237-2019. PMID: 32055632; PMCID: PMC7008138.
- Lucas JS, Davis SD, Omran H, Shoemark A. Primary ciliary dyskinesia in the genomics age. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Feb;8(2):202-216. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30374-1. Epub 2019 Oct 14. PMID: 31624012.
- Halbeisen FS, Pedersen ESL, Goutaki M, Spycher BD, Amirav I, Boon M, Cohen-Cymberknoh M, Crowley S, Emiralioglu N, Haarman EG, Karadag B, Koerner-Rettberg C, Latzin P, Loebinger MR, Lucas JS, Mazurek H, Morgan L, Marthin J, Pohunek P, Santamaria F, Schwerk N, Thouvenin G, Yiallouros P, Nielsen KG, Kuehni CE. Lung function from school age to adulthood in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Eur Respir J. 2022 Oct 20;60(4):2101918. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01918-2021. PMID: 35301251; PMCID: PMC9582507.
- Koucký V, Martinů V, Koucký M. Impaired lung function in infants with primary ciliary dyskinesia: A pilot Czech study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024 Apr;59(4):1124-1127. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26863. Epub 2024 Jan 11. PMID: 38206044.
Health Disparities
- Carr KA, O'Connor MG, Shapiro AJ, Machogu EM. Racial disparities in primary ciliary dyskinesia: Defining the problem and potential solutions. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 Sep;58(9):2687-2690. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26559. Epub 2023 Jun 21. PMID: 37341606; PMCID: PMC10561460.
- Surdut SP, van der Merwe E, Goussard P, Urban MF. Which side are they on? Diagnosing primary ciliary dyskinesias in low- or middle-income countries: A review and case series. Afr J Thorac Crit Care Med. 2023 Sep 19;29(3):10.7196/AJTCCM.2023.v29i3.425. doi: 10.7196/AJTCCM.2023.v29i3.425. PMID: 38028243; PMCID: PMC10646753.
- Birkhead M, Otido S, Mabaso T, Mopeli K, Tlhapi D, Verwey C, Dangor Z. Ultrastructure for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia in South Africa, a resource-limited setting. Front Pediatr. 2023 Aug 14;11:1247638. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1247638. PMID: 37645034; PMCID: PMC10461090.
- Dangor Z, Birkhead M, Verwey C, Gray D, Vanker A, Githinji L, Goga A, Masekela R, Zampoli M. Primary ciliary dyskinesia: Meeting the challenges of diagnosis in South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2024 Aug 2;114(8):e2269. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2024.v114i8.2069. PMID: 39508191.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Ambalavanan N, Carlo WA, Nowak KJ, Wiener LE, Cosby SS, Bhatt AJ, Watterberg KL, Poindexter BB, Keszler M, D'Angio CT, Brion LP, Narendran V, Rau CA, Cotten CM, Laughon MM, Das A, Rysavy MA, Hibbs AM, Fuller J, Puopolo KM, Katheria A, Patel RM, Bermick JR, Laptook AR, Prelipcean I, Wyckoff MH, Moore R, Merhar SL, Ohls RK, Yoder BA, Perez M, Ghavam S, Meyer LR, Chock VY, DeMauro SB, Jackson WM, Handa D, Walsh MC; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Early Intratracheal Budesonide to Reduce Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants: The Budesonide in Babies (BiB) Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2025 Oct 28;334(16):1452-1462. doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.16450. PMID: 41026481; PMCID: PMC12486137.
- Manley BJ, Kamlin COF, Donath SM, Francis KL, Cheong JLY, Dargaville PA, Dawson JA, Jacobs SE, Birch P, Resnick SM, Schmölzer GM, Law B, Bhatia R, Bach KP, de Waal K, Travadi JN, Koorts PJ, Berry MJ, Lui K, Rajadurai VS, Chandran S, Kluckow M, Cloete E, Broom MM, Stark MJ, Gordon A, Kodur V, Doyle LW, Davis PG, McKinlay CJD; PLUSS Trial Investigators. Intratracheal Budesonide Mixed With Surfactant for Extremely Preterm Infants: The PLUSS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024 Dec 10;332(22):1889-1899. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.17380. PMID: 39527075; PMCID: PMC11555571.
- Watterberg KL, Walsh MC, Li L, Chawla S, D'Angio CT, Goldberg RN, Hintz SR, Laughon MM, Yoder BA, Kennedy KA, McDavid GE, Backstrom-Lacy C, Das A, Crawford MM, Keszler M, Sokol GM, Poindexter BB, Ambalavanan N, Hibbs AM, Truog WE, Schmidt B, Wyckoff MH, Khan AM, Garg M, Chess PR, Reynolds AM, Moallem M, Bell EF, Meyer LR, Patel RM, Van Meurs KP, Cotten CM, McGowan EC, Hines AC, Merhar S, Peralta-Carcelen M, Wilson-Costello DE, Kilbride HW, DeMauro SB, Heyne RJ, Mosquera RA, Natarajan G, Purdy IB, Lowe JR, Maitre NL, Harmon HM, Hogden LA, Adams-Chapman I, Winter S, Malcolm WF, Higgins RD; Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Hydrocortisone to Improve Survival without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 24;386(12):1121-1131. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2114897. PMID: 35320643; PMCID: PMC9107291.
- Dargaville PA, Kamlin COF, Orsini F, Wang X, De Paoli AG, Kanmaz Kutman HG, Cetinkaya M, Kornhauser-Cerar L, Derrick M, Özkan H, Hulzebos CV, Schmölzer GM, Aiyappan A, Lemyre B, Kuo S, Rajadurai VS, O'Shea J, Biniwale M, Ramanathan R, Kushnir A, Bader D, Thomas MR, Chakraborty M, Buksh MJ, Bhatia R, Sullivan CL, Shinwell ES, Dyson A, Barker DP, Kugelman A, Donovan TJ, Tauscher MK, Murthy V, Ali SKM, Yossuck P, Clark HW, Soll RF, Carlin JB, Davis PG; OPTIMIST-A Trial Investigators. Effect of Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy vs Sham Treatment on Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The OPTIMIST-A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021 Dec 28;326(24):2478-2487. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.21892. PMID: 34902013; PMCID: PMC8715350.
- Marc I, Piedboeuf B, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Fraser W, Mâsse B, Mohamed I, Qureshi M, Afifi J, Lemyre B, Caouette G, Bartholomew J, Nuyt AM, Julien P, Synnes A, Lucas M, Perreault T, Strueby L, Cieslak Z, Yusuf K, Pelligra G, Massé E, Larsen B, de Cabo C, Ruth C, Khurshid F, Lavoie PM. Effect of Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Free Survival in Breastfed Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020 Jul 14;324(2):157-167. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.8896. PMID: 32662862; PMCID: PMC7361648.
Guidelines
- Eldredge LC, Levin JC, Tracy MC, Cristea AI, Baker CD, Ruminjo JK, Thomson CC. Summary for Clinicians: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Outpatient Respiratory Management of Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Post-Prematurity Respiratory Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2022 Jun;19(6):873-879. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202201-007CME. PMID: 35239469; PMCID: PMC12039686.
- Cristea AI, Ren CL, Amin R, Eldredge LC, Levin JC, Majmudar PP, May AE, Rose RS, Tracy MC, Watters KF, Allen J, Austin ED, Cataletto ME, Collaco JM, Fleck RJ, Gelfand A, Hayes D Jr, Jones MH, Kun SS, Mandell EW, McGrath-Morrow SA, Panitch HB, Popatia R, Rhein LM, Teper A, Woods JC, Iyer N, Baker CD. Outpatient Respiratory Management of Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Post-Prematurity Respiratory Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021 Dec 15;204(12):e115-e133. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202110-2269ST. PMID: 34908518; PMCID: PMC8865713.
- Hennelly M, Greenberg RG, Aleem S. An Update on the Prevention and Management of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2021 Aug 11;12:405-419. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S287693. PMID: 34408533; PMCID: PMC8364965.
Sentinel Articles
- Ambalavanan N, Deutsch G, Pryhuber G, Travers CP, Willis KA. The evolving pathophysiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Physiol Rev. 2026 Jan 1;106(1):197-237. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2024. Epub 2025 Aug 29. PMID: 40880213; PMCID: PMC12483330.
- Gilfillan MA, Kiladejo A, Bhandari V. Current and Emerging Therapies for Prevention and Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants. Paediatr Drugs. 2025 Sep;27(5):539-562. doi: 10.1007/s40272-025-00697-3. Epub 2025 May 15. PMID: 40374983; PMCID: PMC12378787.
- Cummings JJ, Pramanik AK; COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN. Postnatal Corticosteroids to Prevent or Treat Chronic Lung Disease Following Preterm Birth. Pediatrics. 2022 Jun 1;149(6):e2022057530. doi: 10.1542/peds.2022-057530. PMID: 37917016.
- Sindelar R, Shepherd EG, Ågren J, Panitch HB, Abman SH, Nelin LD; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Collaborative. Established severe BPD: is there a way out? Change of ventilatory paradigms. Pediatr Res. 2021 Dec;90(6):1139-1146. doi: 10.1038/s41390-021-01558-8. Epub 2021 May 19. PMID: 34012026.
- Bamat NA, Nelin TD, Eichenwald EC, Kirpalani H, Laughon MM, Jackson WM, Jensen EA, Gibbs KA, Lorch SA. Loop Diuretics in Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Cumulative Use and Associations with Mortality and Age at Discharge. J Pediatr. 2021 Apr;231:43-49.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.073. Epub 2020 Nov 3. PMID: 33152371; PMCID: PMC8005411.
- Jensen EA, Dysart K, Gantz MG, McDonald S, Bamat NA, Keszler M, Kirpalani H, Laughon MM, Poindexter BB, Duncan AF, Yoder BA, Eichenwald EC, DeMauro SB. The Diagnosis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Preterm Infants. An Evidence-based Approach. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Sep 15;200(6):751-759. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201812-2348OC. PMID: 30995069; PMCID: PMC6775872.
- Thébaud B, Goss KN, Laughon M, Whitsett JA, Abman SH, Steinhorn RH, Aschner JL, Davis PG, McGrath-Morrow SA, Soll RF, Jobe AH. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Nov 14;5(1):78. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0127-7. PMID: 31727986; PMCID: PMC6986462.
Health Disparities
- Christian ND, Aoyama BC, McGrath-Morrow SA, Collaco JM. Respiratory Outcomes in Infants and Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Living in Rural Areas. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2026 Mar;61(3):e71583. doi: 10.1002/ppul.71583. PMID: 41854045.
- Nelin TD, Radack JK, Yang N, Lorch SA, DeMauro SB, Bamat NA, Jensen EA, Gibbs K, Murosko DC, Scott KA, Goldstein NPN, Just AC, Burris HH. Associations of PM2.5 exposure with emergency department visits and readmissions among preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024 Nov;59(11):2947-2955. doi: 10.1002/ppul.27164. Epub 2024 Jul 3. PMID: 38958238; PMCID: PMC11650815.
- Nelin TD, Yang N, Radack J, Lorch SA, DeMauro SB, Bamat NA, Jensen EA, Gibbs K, Just AC, Burris HH. Associations of neighborhood social vulnerability with emergency department visits and readmissions among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Perinatol. 2023 Oct;43(10):1308-1313. doi: 10.1038/s41372-023-01735-z. Epub 2023 Jul 25. PMID: 37491473; PMCID: PMC10864938.
- Aoyama BC, McGrath-Morrow SA, Collaco JM. Socioeconomic status and outpatient follow-up in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 Feb;58(2):623-626. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26232. Epub 2022 Nov 15. PMID: 36349426; PMCID: PMC12895403.
- Collaco JM, Tracy MC, Sheils CA, Rice JL, Rhein LM, Nelin LD, Moore PE, Manimtim WM, Levin JC, Lai K, Hayden LP, Fierro JL, Austin ED, Alexiou S, Agarwal A, Villafranco N, Siddaiah R, Popova AP, Cristea IA, Baker CD, Bansal M, McGrath-Morrow SA. Insurance coverage and respiratory morbidities in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2022 Jul;57(7):1735-1743. doi: 10.1002/ppul.25933. Epub 2022 Apr 26. PMID: 35437911; PMCID: PMC9232996.
- Lewis TR, Kielt MJ, Walker VP, Levin JC, Guaman MC, Panitch HB, Nelin LD, Abman SH; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Collaborative. Association of Racial Disparities With In-Hospital Outcomes in Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Sep 1;176(9):852-859. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2663. PMID: 35913704; PMCID: PMC9344383.
- Deschamps J, Boucekine M, Fayol L, Dubus JC, Nauleau S, Garcia P, Boubred F. Neighborhood Disadvantage and Early Respiratory Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Pediatr. 2021 Oct;237:177-182.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.061. Epub 2021 Jun 30. PMID: 34216631.
Bronchoscopy
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- https://www.thoracic.org/members/assemblies/assemblies/peds/pediatric-flexible-bronchoscopy-library/
- Katz AJ, Patel BM, Mazandi VM, Grant LMC, Corcoran A, Phinizy P, Daou AW, Keim G, Magee PM, Allukian M 3rd, Kilbaugh TJ, Tran S, Himebauch AS, Piccione J, Senthil K. Endobronchial valves for severe air leak in critically ill children with necrotizing pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perfusion. 2025 Aug 11:2676591251365419. doi: 10.1177/02676591251365419. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40787939.
- Corcoran A, Finn L, Piccione J, Phinizy P. Computed tomography navigation guided transparenchymal nodule biopsy in pediatric patients with pulmonary lesions. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024 Apr 5. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26999. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38578145.
- Bozkanat KM, Wendroth R, Radchenko C, Burg G, Hysinger E. Transbronchial cryo-nodal biopsies in children: A case series. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2025 Jan;60(1):e27291. doi: 10.1002/ppul.27291. Epub 2024 Nov 7. PMID: 39508304.
Guidelines
- Faro A, Wood RE, Schechter MS, Leong AB, Wittkugel E, Abode K, Chmiel JF, Daines C, Davis S, Eber E, Huddleston C, Kilbaugh T, Kurland G, Midulla F, Molter D, Montgomery GS, Retsch-Bogart G, Rutter MJ, Visner G, Walczak SA, Ferkol TW, Michelson PH; American Thoracic Society Ad Hoc Committee on Flexible Airway Endoscopy in Children. Official American Thoracic Society technical standards: flexible airway endoscopy in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 May 1;191(9):1066-80. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201503-0474ST. PMID: 25932763.
- Katz AJ, Haskett H, Bozkanat KM, Corcoran A, Grant LMC, Wannes Daou A, Tran S, Caylan E, Vicencio A, Benscoter DT, Torres-Silva CA, Zak SM, Burg G, Young LR, Phinizy P, Das S, Boesch RP, Hysinger EB, Piccione J. Indications, techniques, and safety of cryotherapy and cryobiopsy via flexible bronchoscopy in pediatric patients. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2026 Apr 20:aaoag065. doi: 10.1093/annalsats/aaoag065. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 42011162.
- Goussard P, Eber E, Venkatakrishna S, Janson J, Schubert P, Andronikou S. Bronchoscopy findings in children with congenital lung and lower airway abnormalities. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2024 Mar;49:43-61. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.10.001. Epub 2023 Oct 30. PMID: 37940462.
- Corcoran A; Shore D; Boesch RP, et al. Practices and perspectives on advanced diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopy among pediatric pulmonologists in the United States. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024; 1-8. doi:10.1002/ppul.26977
- Gipsman AI, Grant LMC, Piccione JC, Yehya N, Witmer C, Young LR, Wannes Daou A, Srinivasan A, Phinizy PA. Management of severe acute pulmonary haemorrhage in children. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2025 May;9(5):349-360. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(25)00060-4. PMID: 40246361.
- Vicencio A, Schramm D, Hysinger E, Piccione J, Thapa S. Pediatric Interventional Bronchoscopy-Highlighting (and Mitigating) Gaps in Care. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2025 Jan;60(1):e27482. doi: 10.1002/ppul.27482. PMID: 39835777.
Sentinel Articles
- Hysinger E, Murray L, Shaikh F, Paisley A, Vicencio A, Shah R, Grant C, Harkin T, Haas A, Phinizy P, Corcoran A, Piccione J, Burg G. Endobronchial Valves for Persistent Air Leak in Children with Necrotizing Pneumonia. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2024 Sep 5. PMID: 39236302.
- Corcoran A, Franklin S, Hysinger E, Goldfarb S, Phinizy P, Pogoriler J, Tran S, DiBardino DM, Haas AR, Piccione JC. Diagnostic yield of endobronchial ultrasound and virtual CT navigational bronchoscopy for biopsy of pulmonary nodules, mediastinal lymph nodes, and thoracic tumors in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 Nov 17. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26756. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37975500.
- Bouso JM, Yendur O, Hysinger E, Planet PJ, Haas A, Goldfarb S, Piccione J. Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Biopsy Is Feasible, Safe, and Improves Diagnostic Yields in Immunocompromised Children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Feb1;201(3):384-386. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201907-1372LE. PubMed PMID: 31626557.
Congenital Airway Lesions
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Lovrenski J, Raissaki M, Plut D, Alexopoulou E, Görkem SB, Ozcan HN, Geiger J, Gräfe D, Sileo C, Caro-Dominguez P, Ciet P. ESR Essentials: imaging of common paediatric pulmonary diseases-practice recommendations by the European Society of Paediatric Radiology. Eur Radiol. 2025 Aug;35(8):5037-5052. doi: 10.1007/s00330-024-11268-4. Epub 2025 Jan 29. PMID: 39881039; PMCID: PMC12226615.
- Kersten CM, Hermelijn SM, Dossche LWJ, Muthialu N, Losty PD, Schurink M, Rietman AB, Poley MJ, van Rosmalen J, Zanen-van den Adel TPL, Ciet P, von der Thüsen J, Brosens E, Ijsselstijn H, Tiddens HAWM, Wijnen RMH, Schnater JM. COllaborative Neonatal Network for the first European CPAM Trial (CONNECT): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2023 Mar 17;13(3):e071989. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071989. PMID: 36931672; PMCID: PMC10030930.
- Yang HB, Pierro A, Kim HY. Comparison of conventional mechanical ventilation and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in congenital diaphragmatic hernias: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 26;13(1):16136. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42344-2. PMID: 37752154; PMCID: PMC10522688.
- Gallant JN et al. Neonatal Laryngotracheal Anomalies. AAP Neo Reviews. Vol. 23 No. 9 September 2022 e613.
- Wagner R et al. Basic and translational science advances in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Semin Perinatol. 2020 Feb;44(1):151170.
Guidelines
- Baird R et al. Congenital lung malformations: Informing best practice. Seminars in Paediatric Surgery. Volume 23, Issue 5, October 2014, Pages 270-277
Sentinel Articles
- Cancemi G, Distefano G, Vitaliti G, Milazzo D, Terzo G, Belfiore G, Di Benedetto V, Scuderi MG, Coronella M, Musumeci AG, Grippaldi D, Mauro LA, Foti PV, Basile A, Palmucci S. Congenital Lung Malformations: A Pictorial Review of Imaging Findings and a Practical Guide for Diagnosis. Children (Basel). 2024 May 25;11(6):638. doi: 10.3390/children11060638. PMID: 38929218; PMCID: PMC11201397.
- Masters IB. "Congenital airway lesions and lung disease." Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009 Feb;56(1):227-42.
- Bush A. Congenital Lung Disease: A Plea for Clear Thinking and Clear Nomenclature. Pediatric Pulmonology 32:328±337 (2001).
- Hysinger EB et al. Paediatric Tracheomalacia. Pediatric Respiratory Reviews 17 (2016) 9-15.
- Seear M et al. A review of congenital lung malformations with a simplified classification system for clinical and research use. Paediatr Surg Int (2017) 33:657–664.
- Zani A et al. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022 Jun 1;8(1):37
Health Disparities.
- Sferra AR et al. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outcomes Among Newborns with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Apr 3;6(4):e2310800.
Cystic Fibrosis
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Bacalhau M, Camargo M, Magalhães-Ghiotto GAV, Drumond S, Castelletti CHM, Lopes-Pacheco M. Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor: A Life-Changing Triple Combination of CFTR Modulator Drugs for Cystic Fibrosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Mar 8;16(3):410. doi: 10.3390/ph16030410. PMID: 36986509; PMCID: PMC10053019.
- Munir M, Butcher NJ, Werder RB, Ranganathan SC, Burow R, Venables A, Kaminskas LM. Inhalable gene and RNA therapy for cystic fibrosis: perspectives and progress in clinical development. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2026 Apr;21(7):1003-1025. doi: 10.1080/17435889.2026.2640157. Epub 2026 Mar 23. PMID: 41866915; PMCID: PMC13048556.
- Mielus M, Sands D, Woynarowski M. Improving nutrition in cystic fibrosis: A systematic literature review. Nutrition. 2022 Oct;102:111725. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111725. Epub 2022 May 6. PMID: 35816813.
- DeFilippo EMM, Talwalkar JS, Harris ZM, Butcher J, Nasr SZ. Transitions of Care in Cystic Fibrosis. Clin Chest Med. 2022 Dec;43(4):757-771. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.06.016. PMID: 36344079.
Guidelines
- Green DM, Lahiri T, Raraigh KS, Ruiz F, Spano J, Antos N, Bonitz L, Christon L, Gregoire-Bottex M, Hale JE, Langfelder-Schwind E, La Parra Perez Á, Maguiness K, Massie J, McElroy-Barker E, McGarry ME, Mercier A, Munck A, Oliver KE, Self S, Singh K, Smiley M, Snodgrass S, Tluczek A, Tuley P, Lomas P, Wong E, Hempstead SE, Faro A, Ren CL. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of CRMS/CFSPID. Pediatrics. 2024 May 1;153(5):e2023064657. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-064657. PMID: 38577740; PMCID: PMC11781860.
- McGarry ME, Raraigh KS, Farrell P, Shropshire F, Padding K, White C, Dorley MC, Hicks S, Ren CL, Tullis K, Freedenberg D, Wafford QE, Hempstead SE, Taylor MA, Faro A, Sontag MK, McColley SA. Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening: A Systematic Review-Driven Consensus Guideline from the United States Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2025 Apr 2;11(2):24. doi: 10.3390/ijns11020024. PMID: 40265445; PMCID: PMC12015897.
- Farrell PM, White TB, Ren CL, Hempstead SE, Accurso F, Derichs N, Howenstine M, McColley SA, Rock M, Rosenfeld M, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Southern KW, Marshall BC, Sosnay PR. Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis: Consensus Guidelines from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. J Pediatr. 2017 Feb;181S:S4-S15.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.09.064. Erratum in: J Pediatr. 2017 May;184:243. PMID: 28129811.
- Daley CL, Iaccarino JM, Lange C, Cambau E, Wallace RJ Jr, Andrejak C, Böttger EC, Brozek J, Griffith DE, Guglielmetti L, Huitt GA, Knight SL, Leitman P, Marras TK, Olivier KN, Santin M, Stout JE, Tortoli E, van Ingen J, Wagner D, Winthrop KL. Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA clinical practice guideline. Eur Respir J. 2020 Jul 7;56(1):2000535. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00535-2020. PMID: 32636299; PMCID: PMC8375621.
- Ramos KJ, Smith PJ, McKone EF, Pilewski JM, Lucy A, Hempstead SE, Tallarico E, Faro A, Rosenbluth DB, Gray AL, Dunitz JM; CF Lung Transplant Referral Guidelines Committee. Lung transplant referral for individuals with cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation consensus guidelines. J Cyst Fibros. 2019 May;18(3):321-333. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.03.002. Epub 2019 Mar 27. PMID: 30926322; PMCID: PMC6545264.
- Sellers ZM, Assis DN, Paranjape SM, Sathe M, Bodewes F, Bowen M, Cipolli M, Debray D, Green N, Hughan KS, Hunt WR, Leey J, Ling SC, Morelli G, Peckham D, Pettit RS, Philbrick A, Stoll J, Vavrina K, Allen S, Goodwin T, Hempstead SE, Narkewicz MR. Cystic fibrosis screening, evaluation, and management of hepatobiliary disease consensus recommendations. Hepatology. 2024 May 1;79(5):1220-1238. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000646. Epub 2023 Oct 26. PMID: 37934656; PMCID: PMC11020118.
Sentinel Articles
- Mayer-Hamblett N, Ratjen F, Russell R, Donaldson SH, Riekert KA, Sawicki GS, Odem-Davis K, Young JK, Rosenbluth D, Taylor-Cousar JL, Goss CH, Retsch-Bogart G, Clancy JP, Genatossio A, O'Sullivan BP, Berlinski A, Millard SL, Omlor G, Wyatt CA, Moffett K, Nichols DP, Gifford AH; SIMPLIFY Study Group. Discontinuation versus continuation of hypertonic saline or dornase alfa in modulator treated people with cystic fibrosis (SIMPLIFY): results from two parallel, multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trials. Lancet Respir Med. 2023 Apr;11(4):329-340. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00434-9. Epub 2022 Nov 4. PMID: 36343646; PMCID: PMC10065895.
- Middleton PG, Mall MA, Dřevínek P, Lands LC, McKone EF, Polineni D, Ramsey BW, Taylor-Cousar JL, Tullis E, Vermeulen F, Marigowda G, McKee CM, Moskowitz SM, Nair N, Savage J, Simard C, Tian S, Waltz D, Xuan F, Rowe SM, Jain R; VX17-445-102 Study Group. Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor for Cystic Fibrosis with a Single Phe508del Allele. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 7;381(19):1809-1819. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1908639. Epub 2019 Oct 31. PMID: 31697873; PMCID: PMC7282384.
- Ramsey BW, Davies J, McElvaney NG, Tullis E, Bell SC, Dřevínek P, Griese M, McKone EF, Wainwright CE, Konstan MW, Moss R, Ratjen F, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Rowe SM, Dong Q, Rodriguez S, Yen K, Ordoñez C, Elborn JS; VX08-770-102 Study Group. A CFTR potentiator in patients with cystic fibrosis and the G551D mutation. N Engl J Med. 2011 Nov 3;365(18):1663-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105185. PMID: 22047557; PMCID: PMC3230303.
- Leung DH, Heltshe SL, Borowitz D, Gelfond D, Kloster M, Heubi JE, Stalvey M, Ramsey BW; Baby Observational and Nutrition Study (BONUS) Investigators of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Development Network. Effects of Diagnosis by Newborn Screening for Cystic Fibrosis on Weight and Length in the First Year of Life. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Jun 1;171(6):546-554. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0206. PMID: 28437538; PMCID: PMC5731827.
- Ren CL, Borowitz DS, Gonska T, Howenstine MS, Levy H, Massie J, Milla C, Munck A, Southern KW. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator-Related Metabolic Syndrome and Cystic Fibrosis Screen Positive, Inconclusive Diagnosis. J Pediatr. 2017 Feb;181S:S45-S51.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.09.066. PMID: 28129812.
- Stoltz DA, Meyerholz DK, Welsh MJ. Origins of cystic fibrosis lung disease. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 22;372(4):351-62. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1300109. PMID: 25607428; PMCID: PMC4916857.
Health Disparities.
- Madden K, Mueller R, Brown C, Valverde KD, Langfelder-Schwind E. Facilitators and Barriers to Increasing Equity in Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening Algorithms. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2025 Jan;60(1):e27449. doi: 10.1002/ppul.27449. Epub 2024 Dec 20. PMID: 39704065; PMCID: PMC11984462.
- Palla JB. Disparities and therapeutic advances in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 May 3. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26445. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37133222.
- McGarry ME, Williams WA 2nd, McColley SA. The demographics of adverse outcomes in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2019 Nov;54 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S74-S83. doi: 10.1002/ppul.24434. PMID: 31715087; PMCID: PMC6857719.
- Sermet-Gaudelus I, Orenti A, Hatziagorou E, Bakkeheim E, Naehrlich L, Kerem E; ECFSPR Steering Group. Health inequity in people with cystic fibrosis: can we close the gap? Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2026 Feb 1;23(2):228-240. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202501-052OC. PMID: 40929684.
Environment/Climate and Airway Disease
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Rosser FJ, Rothenberger SD, Han YY, Forno E, Celedón JC. Air Quality Index and Childhood Asthma: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Intervention. Am J Prev Med. 2023 Jun;64(6):893-897. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.12.010. Epub 2023 Jan 13. PMID: 36642643; PMCID: PMC10200724.
- Crocker ME, Cogen JD. Wildfire Smoke and Pediatric Lung Health: What the Clinician Needs to Know. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2026 Feb;61(2):e71484. doi: 10.1002/ppul.71484. PMID: 41664433; PMCID: PMC12887139.
- Domingo KN, Gabaldon KL, Hussari MN, Yap JM, Valmadrid LC, Robinson K, Leibel S. Impact of climate change on paediatric respiratory health: pollutants and aeroallergens. Eur Respir Rev. 2024 Jun 12;33(172):230249. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0249-2023. PMID: 39009406; PMCID: PMC11262702.
- Banzon TM, Koutrakis P, Garshick E, Gaffin JM, Phipatanakul W. Radon and Non-Cancer Pulmonary Health Effects in Children: A State of The Art Review. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2026 Apr;61(4):e71615. doi: 10.1002/ppul.71615. PMID: 41947778; PMCID: PMC13078709.
Guidelines
Sentinel Articles
- Gehring U, Wijga AH, Koppelman GH, Vonk JM, Smit HA, Brunekreef B. Air pollution and the development of asthma from birth until young adulthood. Eur Respir J. 2020 Jul 2;56(1):2000147. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00147-2020. PMID: 32299858.
- Ahdoot S, Baum CR, Cataletto MB, Hogan P, Wu CB, Bernstein A; COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND CLIMATE CHANGE; COUNCIL ON CHILDREN AND DISASTERS; SECTION ON PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY AND SLEEP MEDICINE; SECTION ON MINORITY HEALTH, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION. Climate Change and Children's Health: Building a Healthy Future for Every Child. Pediatrics. 2024 Mar 1;153(3):e2023065505. doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-065505. PMID: 38374808.
Health Disparities.
- Bush A, Byrnes CA, Chan KC, Chang AB, Ferreira JC, Holden KA, Lovinsky-Desir S, Redding G, Singh V, Sinha IP, Zar HJ. Social determinants of respiratory health from birth: still of concern in the 21st century? Eur Respir Rev. 2024 Apr 10;33(172):230222. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0222-2023. PMID: 38599675; PMCID: PMC11004769.
- Brennan SK, Coates AC, Laube B, Sadreameli SC. Climate Policy and Pediatric Asthma: How Transition to Nonhydrofluorocarbon Propellants Will Disproportionately Impact Children. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2024 Sep;21(9):1242-1244. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202401-115VP. Erratum in: Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2024 Nov;21(11):1632. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.21i11Erratum. PMID: 38935646; PMCID: PMC11376358.
Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Nathan N, Griese M, Michel K, Carlens J, Gilbert C, Emiralioglu N, Torrent-Vernetta A, Marczak H, Willemse B, Delestrain C, Epaud R; ERS CRC chILD-EU group. Diagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir Rev. 2023 Feb 21;32(167):220188. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0188-2022. PMID: 36813289; PMCID: PMC9945877.
- Voss LA, Nevel RJ, Wambach JA, Nogee LM, Deterding RR, Casey AM, O'Connor MG, Craven DI, Taylor JB, Deutsch GH, Tam-Williams JB, Steffes LC, Brennan SK, Santiago MT, Sadreameli SC, Heras AF, Powers MR, Popova AP, Bansal M, Hamvas A, Gower WA, Urrego F, Young LR; ChILD Registry Collaborative. Genetic Testing Utilization in the U.S. Registry for Childhood Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Diseases. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2025 Apr;60(4):e71073. doi: 10.1002/ppul.71073. PMID: 40167520; PMCID: PMC11960725.
- Deterding R, Young LR, DeBoer EM, Warburton D, Cunningham S, Schwerk N, Flaherty KR, Brown KK, Dumistracel M, Erhardt E, Bertulis J, Gahlemann M, Stowasser S, Griese M; InPedILD trial investigators. Nintedanib in children and adolescents with fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir J. 2023 Feb 2;61(2):2201512. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01512-2022. Erratum in: Eur Respir J. 2023 May 25;61(5):2251512. doi: 10.1183/13993003.51512-2022. PMID: 36041751; PMCID: PMC9892863.
- Bernardinello N, Griese M, Borie R, Spagnolo P. Emerging Treatments for Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease. Paediatr Drugs. 2024 Jan;26(1):19-30. doi: 10.1007/s40272-023-00603-9. Epub 2023 Nov 10. PMID: 37948041; PMCID: PMC10770003.
- Nayır Büyükşahin H, Yalçın E, Özdemir A, Haliloglu M, Orhan D, Griese M, Gothe F, Rapp C, Hardenberg SGV, Debbağ S, Güzelkaş İ, Emiralioğlu N, Doğru D, Özçelik U, Kiper N. Successful atorvastatin treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a child with GM-CSF receptor deficiency. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024 Jun;59(6):1777-1780. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26946. Epub 2024 Feb 27. PMID: 38411295.
- Nevel RJ, Deutsch GH, Craven D, Deterding R, Fishman MP, Wambach JA, Casey A, Krone K, Liptzin DR, O'Connor MG, Kurland G, Taylor JB, Gower WA, Hagood JS, Conrad C, Tam-Williams JB, Fiorino EK, Goldfarb S, Sadreameli SC, Nogee LM, Montgomery G, Hamvas A, Laguna TA, Bansal M, Lew C, Santiago M, Popova A, De A, Chan M, Powers MR, Josephson MB, Camburn D, Voss L, Li Y, Young LR; chILD Registry Collaborative. The US national registry for childhood interstitial and diffuse lung disease: Report of study design and initial enrollment cohort. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024 Sep;59(9):2236-2246. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26568. Epub 2023 Jul 4. PMID: 37401889; PMCID: PMC10764638.
Guidelines
- Leon-Astudillo C, Dy FJ, McCown MY, Perez IA, Chhabra D, Bansal M, Maloney MA, Bedoya M, Ezmigna D, Bush D, Okorie CUA, Gross JE. ATS core curriculum 2023. Pediatric pulmonary medicine: Respiratory disorders in infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024 Jun;59(6):1552-1568. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26961. Epub 2024 Mar 28. PMID: 38545994.
- Semple T, Winant AJ, Lee EY. Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease: Imaging Guidelines and Recommendations. Radiol Clin North Am. 2022 Jan;60(1):83-111. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.08.009. PMID: 34836568.
- Wobma H, Bachrach R, Farrell J, Chang MH, Day-Lewis M, Dedeoglu F, Fishman MP, Halyabar O, Harris C, Ibanez D, Kim L, Klouda T, Krone K, Lee PY, Lo MS, McBrearty K, Meidan E, Prockop SE, Samad A, Son MBF, Nigrovic PA, Casey A, Chang JC, Henderson LA. Development of a Screening Algorithm for Lung Disease in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2023 Oct;5(10):556-562. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11600. Epub 2023 Sep 8. PMID: 37688362; PMCID: PMC10570670.
- Tsujioka Y, Nishimura G, Nishi E, Kono T, Nozaki T, Hashimoto M, Yamada Y, Jinzaki M. Childhood interstitial lung diseases: current understanding of the classification and imaging findings. Jpn J Radiol. 2024 Sep;42(9):937-952. doi: 10.1007/s11604-024-01603-6. Epub 2024 Jul 16. PMID: 39012450; PMCID: PMC11364587.
Sentinel Articles
- Louvrier C, Desroziers T, Soreze Y, Delgado Rodriguez M, Thomas L, Nau V, Dastot-Le Moal F, Bernstein JA, Cole FS, Damme M, Fischer A, Griese M, Hinds D, Keehan L, Milla C, Mohammad H, Rips J, Wambach JA, Wegner DJ, Amselem S, Legendre M, Giurgea I, Karabina SA, Breuer O, Coulomb l'Herminé A, Nathan N. Bi-allelic LAMP3 variants in childhood interstitial lung disease: a surfactant-related disease. EBioMedicine. 2025 Mar;113:105626. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105626. Epub 2025 Feb 28. PMID: 40023045; PMCID: PMC11914748.
- Nathan N, Sileo C, Thouvenin G, Berdah L, Delestrain C, Manali E, Papiris S, Léger PL, Pointe HDL, l'Hermine AC, Clement A. Pulmonary Fibrosis in Children. J Clin Med. 2019 Aug 26;8(9):1312. doi: 10.3390/jcm8091312. PMID: 31455000; PMCID: PMC6780823.
- Casey A, Fiorino EK, Wambach J. Innovations in Childhood Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease. Clin Chest Med. 2024 Sep;45(3):695-715. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.04.002. PMID: 39069332; PMCID: PMC11366208.
- Marczak H, Krenke K, Griese M, Carlens J, Seidl E, Gilbert C, Emiralioglu N, Torrent-Vernetta A, Willemse B, Epaud R, Delestrain C, Louvrier C, Koucký V, Nathan N; ERS CRC chILD-EU group. An update on diagnosis and treatments of childhood interstitial lung diseases. Breathe (Sheff). 2025 May 13;21(2):250004. doi: 10.1183/20734735.0004-2025. PMID: 40365093; PMCID: PMC12070201.
- Knoflach K, Rapp CK, Schwerk N, Carlens J, Wetzke M, Emiralioğlu N, Kiper N, Ring AM, Buchvald F, Manali E, Papiris S, Reu-Hofer S, Kappler M, Schieber A, Seidl E, Gothe F, Robinson PN, Griese M; ChILD EU Collaborators. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in children with interstitial lung disease: Determine etiologies! Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 Apr;58(4):1106-1121. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26301. Epub 2023 Jan 13. PMID: 36588100; PMCID: PMC10199423.
- Nayır Büyükşahin H, Yalçın E, Özdemir A, Haliloglu M, Orhan D, Griese M, Gothe F, Rapp C, Hardenberg SGV, Debbağ S, Güzelkaş İ, Emiralioğlu N, Doğru D, Özçelik U, Kiper N. Successful atorvastatin treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a child with GM-CSF receptor deficiency. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024 Jun;59(6):1777-1780. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26946. Epub 2024 Feb 27. PMID: 38411295.
- Towe C, Grom AA, Schulert GS. Diagnosis and Management of the Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patient with Emerging Lung Disease. Paediatr Drugs. 2023 Nov;25(6):649-658. doi: 10.1007/s40272-023-00593-8. Epub 2023 Oct 3. PMID: 37787872.
- Vincent M, Karolak JA, Deutsch G, Gambin T, Popek E, Isidor B, Szafranski P, Le Caignec C, Stankiewicz P. Clinical, Histopathological, and Molecular Diagnostics in Lethal Lung Developmental Disorders. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Nov 1;200(9):1093-1101. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0495TR. PMID: 31189067; PMCID: PMC6888654.
- Li Y, Seidl E, Knoflach K, Gothe F, Forstner ME, Michel K, Pawlita I, Gesenhues F, Sattler F, Yang X, Kroener C, Reu-Hofer S, Ley-Zaporozhan J, Kammer B, Krüger-Stollfuß I, Dinkel J, Carlens J, Wetzke M, Moreno-Galdó A, Torrent-Vernetta A, Lange J, Krenke K, Rumman N, Mayell S, Sismanlar T, Aslan A, Regamey N, Proesmans M, Stehling F, Naehrlich L, Ayse K, Becker S, Koerner-Rettberg C, Plattner E, Manali ED, Papiris SA, Campo I, Kappler M, Schwerk N, Griese M. ABCA3-related interstitial lung disease beyond infancy. Thorax. 2023 Jun;78(6):587-595. doi: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219434. Epub 2023 Feb 20. PMID: 36808083; PMCID: PMC10314027.
- Yang X, Forstner M, Rapp CK, Rothenaigner I, Li Y, Hadian K, Griese M. ABCA3 Deficiency-Variant-Specific Response to Hydroxychloroquine. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 3;24(9):8179. doi: 10.3390/ijms24098179. PMID: 37175887; PMCID: PMC10179277.
- Schütz K, Schmidt A, Schwerk N, Renz DM, Gerard B, Schaefer E, Antal MC, Peters S, Griese M, Rapp CK, Engels H, Cremer K, Bergmann AK, Schmidt G, Auber B, Kamp JC, Laenger F, von Hardenberg S. Variants in FGF10 cause early onset of severe childhood interstitial lung disease: A detailed description of four affected children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023 Nov;58(11):3095-3105. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26627. Epub 2023 Aug 10. PMID: 37560881.
- Nogee LM. Interstitial lung disease in newborns. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017 Aug;22(4):227-233. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2017.03.003. Epub 2017 Mar 28. PMID: 28363760; PMCID: PMC5537026.
- Ramirez-Suarez KI, Martinez-Correa S, Tierradentro-Garcia LO, White AM, Medina Perez M, Otero HJ, Biko DM, Young LR, Pogoriler J, Lichtenberger JP, Rapp JB. Pediatric Diffuse Lung Disease in Infants: Imaging Findings and Histopathologic Correlation. Radiographics. 2024 Nov;44(11):e240022. doi: 10.1148/rg.240022. PMID: 39418186; PMCID: PMC11580020.
- Saha BK. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: A state of the art review. Respir Med. 2021 Jan;176:106234. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106234. Epub 2020 Nov 17. PMID: 33246295.
Health Disparities
- Seidl E, Schwerk N, Carlens J, Wetzke M, Cunningham S, Emiralioğlu N, Kiper N, Lange J, Krenke K, Ullmann N, Krikovszky D; chILD-EU collaborators; Maqhuzu P, Griese CA, Schwarzkopf L, Griese M. Healthcare resource utilisation and medical costs for children with interstitial lung diseases (chILD) in Europe. Thorax. 2022 Aug;77(8):781-789. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217751. Epub 2022 Feb 11. PMID: 35149583.
- Feld L, Voss L, Li ZN, Rice JL, Josephson M, Li Y, McGrath-Morrow S, Young LR. Clinical scope and healthcare utilization in childhood interstitial lung disease at a tertiary center. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024 Sep;59(9):2247-2256. doi: 10.1002/ppul.26600. Epub 2023 Jul 21. PMID: 37477505; PMCID: PMC10799970.
Neuromuscular Disorders
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Chen D, Ni J, Buu M. Genetic therapies and respiratory outcomes in patients with neuromuscular disease. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2024 Jun 1;36(3):296-303. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001352. Epub 2024 Apr 8. PMID: 38655811.
- Strauss KA, Farrar MA, Muntoni F, et al. Onasemnogene abeparvovec for presymptomatic infants with two copies of SMN2 at risk for spinal muscular atrophy type 1: the Phase III SPR1NT trial. Nat Med. 2022;28(7):1381-1389. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01866-4.
- Trucco F, Ridout D, Weststrate H, Scoto M, Rohwer A, Coratti G, Main ML, Mayhew AG, Montes J, De Sanctis R, Pane M, Pera MC, Sansone VA, Albamonte E, D'Amico A, Bruno C, Messina SS, Childs AM, Willis T, Ong MT, Servais L, Majumdar A, Hughes I, Marini-Bettolo C, Parasuraman D, Gowda VL, Baranello G, Bertini ES, De Vivo DC, Darras BT, Day JW, Mayer O, Zolkipli-Cunningham Z, Finkel RS, Mercuri E, Muntoni F; for iSMAc. Therapeutic Role of Nusinersen on Respiratory Progression in Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 2 and Nonambulant Type 3. Neurol Clin Pract. 2024 Jun;14(3):e200298. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200298. Epub 2024 May 17. PMID: 38932995; PMCID: PMC11196214.
Guidelines
- Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(4):347-361. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30025-5.
- Childs AM, Turner C, Astin R, Bianchi S, Bourke J, Cunningham V, Edel L, Edwards C, Farrant P, Heraghty J, James M, Massey C, Messer B, Michel Sodhi J, Murphy PB, Schiava M, Thomas A, Trucco F, Guglieri M. Development of respiratory care guidelines for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the UK: key recommendations for clinical practice. Thorax. 2024 Apr 15;79(5):476-485. doi: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220811. PMID: 38123347; PMCID: PMC11041593.
- Finkel RS, Mercuri E, Meyer OH, et al. Diagnosis and management of spinal muscular atrophy: Part 2: Pulmonary and acute care; medications, supplements and immunizations; other organ systems; and ethics. Neuromuscul Disord. 2018;28(3):197-207. doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2017.11.004.
- Birnkrant DJ, Panitch HB, Benditt JO, et al. American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on the respiratory and related management of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy undergoing anesthesia or sedation. Chest. 2007;132(6):1977-1986. doi:10.1378/chest.07-0458.
Sentinel Articles
- Mendell JR, Moxley RT, Griggs RC, et al. Randomized, double-blind six-month trial of prednisone in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. N Engl J Med. 1989;320(24):1592-1597. doi:10.1056/NEJM198906153202405.
- McDonald CM, Gordish-Dressman H, Henricson EK, Duong T, Joyce NC, Jhawar S, Leinonen M, Hsu F, Connolly AM, Cnaan A, Abresch RT; CINRG investigators for PubMed. Longitudinal pulmonary function testing outcome measures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Long-term natural history with and without glucocorticoids. Neuromuscul Disord. 2018 Nov;28(11):897-909. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.07.004. Epub 2018 Aug 29. PMID: 30336970.
- Weber FJ, Latshang TD, Blum MR, Kohler M, Wertli MM. Prognostic factors, disease course, and treatment efficacy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Muscle Nerve. 2022 Oct;66(4):462-470. doi: 10.1002/mus.27682. Epub 2022 Aug 6. PMID: 35860996; PMCID: PMC9804574.
Health Disparities
- Mann JR, Zhang Y, McDermott S, et al. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Timing of Diagnosis and Clinical Services Received in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Neuroepidemiology. 2023;57(2):90-99. doi:10.1159/000528962
Post Transplant Complications / Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Fitch T et al. Pulmonary Complications After Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant. Front Oncol. 2021;11:755878
- Fraebel J et al. Noninfectious Pulmonary Complications after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. 2023 Feb;29(2):82-93
- Shanthikumar S et al. Pulmonary surveillance in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant: A multinational multidisciplinary survey. Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2022;5(5):e1501.
Guidelines
- Hayes D Jr,, Avdimiretz N, Brugha R, Mullen MP, Paraskeva MA, Midyat L, Solomon M, Sweet SC, Melicoff-Portillo E, Danziger-Isakov LA, Maeda K, Morales DLS, Conrad CK, Schwerk N, Aurora P, Crister PJ, Dobbels F, Sanchez M, Willemse BWM, Kirkby SE, Miles KG, Berger RMF, Rahaghi FF, Muthialu N, Benden C. International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Consensus Statement on the Referral and Selection of Pediatric Lung Transplant Candidates. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2025 Dec;44(12):e133-e176. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2025.08.005. Epub 2025 Oct 8. PMID: 41060377.
- Shanthikumar S, Gower WA, Srinivasan S, Rayment JH, Robinson PD, Bracken J, Stone A, Das S, Barochia A, Charbek E, Tamae-Kakazu M, Reardon EE, Abts M, Blinman T, Calvo C, Cheng PC, Cole TS, Cooke KR, Davies SM, De A, Gross J, Mechinaud F, Sheshadri A, Siddaiah R, Teusink-Cross A, Towe CT, Walkup LL, Yanik GA, Bergeron A, Casey A, Deterding RR, Liptzin DR, Schultz KR, Iyer NP, Goldfarb S. Detection of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024 Aug 1;210(3):262-280. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202406-1117ST. PMID: 38889365.
- Meyer KC et al; ISHLT/ATS/ERS BOS Task Force Committee; ISHLT/ATS/ERS BOS Task Force Committee. An international ISHLT/ATS/ERS clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Eur Respir J. 2014 Dec;44(6):1479-503.
- Cooke KR et al. The Biology of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Task Force Report from the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2017;23(2):211-34.
Sentinel Articles
- Cheng GS et al. Lung Function Trajectory in Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13(11):1932-9.
- Chellapandian D et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy in patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(5):501-9.
- Meignin V et al. Lung histopathology of non-infectious pulmonary complications after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Histopathology. 2018;73(5):832-42.
- Yousef S, Benden C, Boyer D, Elidemir O, Frischer T, Goldfarb S, Lopez-Mitnik G, Mallory G, Visner G, Westall G, Schecter MG. Lung transplantation in children following bone marrow transplantation: a multi-center experience. Pediatr Transplant. 2013 May;17(3):231-6. doi: 10.1111/petr.12023. Epub 2012 Dec 6. PMID: 23217003.
Health Disparities
- Landry I. Racial disparities in hematopoietic stem cell transplant: a systematic review of the literature. Stem Cell Investig. 2021 Dec 14:8:24
Pulmonary Hypertension
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Berger RMF, Dunbar Ivy D, Borissoff JI, Cerovic S, Csonka D, Remeňová T, Richard D, Villeneuve M, Beghetti M. Macitentan in Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (TOMORROW): A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pediatr. 2026 Jun;293:115057. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2026.115057. Epub 2026 Mar 6. PMID: 41796854.
- Beghetti M, Axelsen LN, Borissoff JI, Farhan M, Grill S, Leng S, Russu A, Lesage C, Remeňová T, Hsu Schmitz SF, Moledina S. A Prospective, Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm Phase 2 Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, Tolerability, and Exploratory Efficacy of Selexipag in Children With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest. 2026 May;169(5):1330-1344. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2025.12.013. Epub 2025 Dec 20. PMID: 41429287.
- Mullen MP, Ivy DD, Varghese NP, Winant AJ, Cortes-Santiago N, Vargas SO, Porres D, Maschietto N, Critser PJ, Hirsch R, Avitabile CM, Hopper RK, Frank BS, Coleman RD, Agrawal PB, Madden JA, Roberts AE, Collins SL, Raj JU, Austin ED, Chung WK, Abman SH. SOX17-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension in Children: A Distinct Developmental and Clinical Syndrome. J Pediatr. 2025 Mar;278:114422. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114422. Epub 2024 Nov 26. PMID: 39603521.
- Axelsen LN, Kümmel A, Perez Ruixo JJ, Russu A. Population pharmacokinetics of selexipag for dose selection and confirmation in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2024 Dec;13(12):2185-2195. doi: 10.1002/psp4.13231. Epub 2024 Nov 21. PMID: 39570749; PMCID: PMC11646929.
- Frank BS, Gentzler ER, Avitabile CM, Miller-Reed K, Pan Z, Rosenzweig EB, Ivy DD, Krishnan US. Safety and Effectiveness of Selexipag in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study. J Pediatr. 2024 Dec;275:114221. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114221. Epub 2024 Aug 2. PMID: 39097266.
- Chen JY, Griffiths M, Yang J, Nies MK, Damico RL, Simpson CE, Vaidya RD, Brandal S, Ivy DD, Austin ED, Nichols WC, Pauciulo MW, Lutz K, Rosenzweig EB, Hirsch R, Yung D, Everett AD. Elevated Interleukin-6 Levels Predict Clinical Worsening in Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Pediatr. 2020 Aug;223:164-169.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.04.041. PMID: 32711743; PMCID: PMC7388069.
- Ivy D, Bonnet D, Berger RMF, Meyer GMB, Baygani S, Li B; LVHV Study Group. Efficacy and safety of tadalafil in a pediatric population with pulmonary arterial hypertension: phase 3 randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Pulm Circ. 2021 Jun 23;11(3):20458940211024955. doi: 10.1177/20458940211024955. PMID: 34234945; PMCID: PMC8226239.
Guidelines
- Hayes D Jr, Jennerich AL, Coleman RD, Abston E, Adamson GT, Berger JT, Cohen SP, Cooper DS, Eghtesady P, Fynn-Thompson F, Grady RM, Hon SM, Hoopes CW, Jewell T, Lewthwaite H, Liu MF, McGiffin DC, Mullen MP, Qureshi AM, Morales DLS. Interventional Strategies for Children with Progressive Pulmonary Hypertension Despite Optimal Therapy: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025 Feb;211(2):157-173. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202410-1901ST. PMID: 39531626; PMCID: PMC11812548.
- Varghese NP, Austin ED, Galambos C, Mullen MP, Yung D, Guillerman RP, Vargas SO, Avitabile CM, Chartan CA, Cortes-Santiago N, Ibach M, Jackson EO, Jarrell JA, Keller RL, Krishnan US, Patel KR, Pogoriler J, Whalen EC, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Villafranco NM, Hopper RK, Usha Raj J, Abman SH; Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network (PPHNet). An interdisciplinary consensus approach to pulmonary hypertension in developmental lung disease. Eur Respir J. 2024 Sep 26;64(3):2400639. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00639-2024. PMID: 39147412; PMCID: PMC11424926.
- Ivy D, Rosenzweig EB, Abman SH, Beghetti M, Bonnet D, Douwes JM, Manes A, Berger RMF. Embracing the challenges of neonatal and paediatric pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2024 Oct 31;64(4):2401345. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01345-2024. PMID: 39209483; PMCID: PMC11525338.
- Handler SS, Varghese NP, Rosenzweig EB, Yung D, Krishnan U, Whalen E, Bates A, Avitabile CM, Jackson EO, Hirsch R, Fineman J, Abman SH; Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network (PPHNet). Building a dedicated pediatric pulmonary hypertension program: A consensus statement from the pediatric pulmonary hypertension network. Pulm Circ. 2022 Feb 15;12(1):e12031. doi: 10.1002/pul2.12031. PMID: 35506071; PMCID: PMC9052968.
- Humbert M, Kovacs G, Hoeper MM, Badagliacca R, Berger RMF, Brida M, Carlsen J, Coats AJS, Escribano-Subias P, Ferrari P, Ferreira DS, Ghofrani HA, Giannakoulas G, Kiely DG, Mayer E, Meszaros G, Nagavci B, Olsson KM, Pepke-Zaba J, Quint JK, Rådegran G, Simonneau G, Sitbon O, Tonia T, Toshner M, Vachiery JL, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Delcroix M, Rosenkranz S; ESC/ERS Scientific Document Group. 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2023 Jan 6;61(1):2200879. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00879-2022. PMID: 36028254.
- Rosenzweig EB, Abman SH, Adatia I, Beghetti M, Bonnet D, Haworth S, Ivy DD, Berger RMF. Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: updates on definition, classification, diagnostics and management. Eur Respir J. 2019 Jan 24;53(1):1801916. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01916-2018. PMID: 30545978; PMCID: PMC6351335.
Sentinel Articles
- Maia PD, Abman SH, Mandell E. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension: Basing Care on Physiology. Neoreviews. 2024 Jul 1;25(7):e415-e433. doi: 10.1542/neo.25-7-e415. PMID: 38945971.
- Austin ED, Mullen MP, Avitabile CM, Krishnan US, Rosenzweig EB, Keller RL, Kinsella JP, Yung D, Steffes L, Bates A, Elia EG, Romer LH, McGrath-Morrow S, Bernier ML, Mandl KD, Raj JU, Sleeper LA, Abman SH; Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network (PPHNet) Investigators. Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Long-Term Outcomes in Children with Pulmonary Hypertension-Associated Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Pediatr. 2026 Feb;289:114869. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114869. Epub 2025 Oct 24. PMID: 41139016; PMCID: PMC12905831.
- Collaco JM, Abman SH, Austin ED, Avitabile CM, Bates A, Fineman JR, Freire GA, Handler SS, Ivy DD, Krishnan US, Mullen MP, Varghese NP, Yung D, Nies MK, Everett AD, Zimmerman KO, Simmons W, Chakraborty H, Yenokyan G, Newell-Sturdivant A, Christensen E, Eyzaguirre LM, Hanley DF, Rosenzweig EB, Romer LH. Kids Mod PAH trial: A multicenter trial comparing mono- versus duo-therapy for initial treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ. 2023 Oct 31;13(4):e12305. doi: 10.1002/pul2.12305. PMID: 37915400; PMCID: PMC10617301.
- Geva A, Abman SH, Manzi SF, Ivy DD, Mullen MP, Griffin J, Lin C, Savova GK, Mandl KD. Adverse drug event rates in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: a comparison of real-world data sources. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2020 Feb 1;27(2):294-300. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocz194. PMID: 31769835; PMCID: PMC7025334.
- Galambos C, Mullen MP, Shieh JT, Schwerk N, Kielt MJ, Ullmann N, Boldrini R, Stucin-Gantar I, Haass C, Bansal M, Agrawal PB, Johnson J, Peca D, Surace C, Cutrera R, Pauciulo MW, Nichols WC, Griese M, Ivy D, Abman SH, Austin ED, Danhaive O. Phenotype characterisation of TBX4 mutation and deletion carriers with neonatal and paediatric pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2019 Aug 22;54(2):1801965. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01965-2018. PMID: 31151956.
- Ploegstra MJ, Ivy DD, Beghetti M, Bonnet D, Alehan D, Ablonczy L, Mattos S, Bowers D, Humpl T, Berger RMF; TOPP Investigators. Long-term outcome of children with newly diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from the global TOPP registry. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2024 Jan 12;10(1):66-76. doi: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcad020. PMID: 36972621; PMCID: PMC10785586.
- Gentle SJ, Travers CP, Clark M, Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N. Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-associated Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 Apr 1;207(7):921-928. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202203-0570OC. PMID: 36378949; PMCID: PMC10111998.
- Hopper RK, Abman SH, Elia EG, Avitabile CM, Yung D, Mullen MP, Austin ED, Bates A, Handler SS, Feinstein JA, Ivy DD, Kinsella JP, Mandl KD, Raj JU, Sleeper LA; Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network Investigators. Pulmonary Hypertension in Children with Down Syndrome: Results from the Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network Registry. J Pediatr. 2023 Jan;252:131-140.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.027. Epub 2022 Aug 24. PMID: 36027975; PMCID: PMC10195185.
- Rosenzweig EB, Bates A, Mullen MP, Abman SH, Austin ED, Everett A, Fineman J, Feinstein J, Hopper RK, Kinsella JP, Krishnan US, Lu M, Mandl KD, Raj JU, Varghese N, Yung D, Handler SS, Sleeper LA. Cardiac Catheterization and Hemodynamics in a Multicenter Cohort of Children with Pulmonary Hypertension. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2022 Jun;19(6):1000-1012. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202108-998OC. PMID: 35049414; PMCID: PMC9169121.
- Constantine A, Dimopoulos K, Haworth SG, Muthurangu V, Moledina S. Twenty-Year Experience and Outcomes in a National Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Service. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022 Sep 15;206(6):758-766. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202110-2428OC. PMID: 35579610; PMCID: PMC9799107.
Health Disparities
- Khurana JK, Lipsitz S, Geisser DL, Moynihan KM, Mullen MP. Child Opportunity Index Influences Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Outcomes: Analyses From the Pediatric Health Information System. JACC Adv. 2026 May;5(5):102773. doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2026.102773. PMID: 42206790; PMCID: PMC13221860.
- Khurana JK, Lipsitz S, Geisser DL, Moynihan KM, Mullen MP. Neighborhood Child Opportunity Index and Outcomes in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension. Pediatr Cardiol. 2026 Jun;47(5):1953-1964. doi: 10.1007/s00246-025-03981-8. Epub 2025 Aug 2. PMID: 40753143.
- Ong MS, Abman S, Austin ED, Feinstein JA, Hopper RK, Krishnan US, Mullen MP, Natter MD, Raj JU, Rosenzweig EB, Mandl KD; Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Outcomes Bioinformatics Clinical Coordinating Center Investigators. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension: An Analysis of the Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Network Registry. J Pediatr. 2019 Aug;211:63-71.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.04.046. Epub 2019 Jun 5. PMID: 31176455; PMCID: PMC6776463.
Sleep Disordered Breathing
Groundbreaking/New Articles
- Larramona Carrera H. Efficacy of atomoxetine and oxybutynin in the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea, a three case report. Front Sleep. 2025 Nov 4;4:1682625. doi: 10.3389/frsle.2025.1682625. PMID: 41425178; PMCID: PMC12713933.
- Rodriguez Lara F, Carnino JM, Cohen MB, Levi JR. Advances in the Use of Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator in Adolescents With Down Syndrome and Persistent Obstructive Sleep Apnea-A Systematic Review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2024;133(3):317-324. doi:10.1177/00034894231216287.
- Malhotra A, Grunstein RR, Fietze I, Weaver TE, Redline S, Azarbarzin A, Sands SA, Schwab RJ, Dunn JP, Chakladar S, Bunck MC, Bednarik J; SURMOUNT-OSA Investigators. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2024 Oct 3;391(13):1193-1205. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2404881. Epub 2024 Jun 21. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2024 Oct 17;391(15):1464. doi: 10.1056/NEJMx240005. PMID: 38912654; PMCID: PMC11598664.
Guidelines
- Ehsan Z, Ishman SL, Soghier I, et al. Management of Persistent, Post-adenotonsillectomy Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024;209(3):248-261. doi:10.1164/rccm.202310-1857ST.
- Kaditis AG, Alonso Alvarez ML, Boudewyns A, Alexopoulos EI, Ersu R, Joosten K, Larramona H, Miano S, Narang I, Trang H, Tsaoussoglou M, Vandenbussche N, Villa MP, Van Waardenburg D, Weber S, Verhulst S. Obstructive sleep disordered breathing in 2- to 18-year-old children: diagnosis and management. Eur Respir J. 2016 Jan;47(1):69-94. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00385-2015. Epub 2015 Nov 5. PMID: 26541535.
- Fauroux B, Abel F, Amaddeo A, Bignamini E, Chan E, Corel L, Cutrera R, Ersu R, Installe S, Khirani S, Krivec U, Narayan O, MacLean J, Perez De Sa V, Pons-Odena M, Stehling F, Ferreira RT, Verhulst S. ERS statement on paediatric long-term noninvasive respiratory support. Eur Respir J. 2022 Jun 2;59(6):2101404. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01404-2021. PMID: 34916265.
Sentinel Articles
- Marcus CL, Moore RH, Rosen CL, et al. A randomized trial of adenotonsillectomy for childhood sleep apnea. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(25):2366-2376. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1215881.
- Sawnani H. Sleep disordered breathing in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2019 Apr;30:2-8. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2018.07.003. Epub 2018 Jul 18. PMID: 30153979.
- Bitners AC, Arens R. Evaluation and Management of Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Lung. 2020 Apr;198(2):257-270. doi: 10.1007/s00408-020-00342-5. Epub 2020 Mar 12. PMID: 32166426; PMCID: PMC7171982.
- Redline S, Cook K, Chervin RD, Ishman S, Baldassari CM, Mitchell RB, Tapia IE, Amin R, Hassan F, Ibrahim S, Ross K, Elden LM, Kirkham EM, Zopf D, Shah J, Otteson T, Naqvi K, Owens J, Young L, Furth S, Connolly H, Clark CAC, Bakker JP, Garetz S, Radcliffe J, Taylor HG, Rosen CL, Wang R; Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy Trial for Snoring (PATS) Study Team. Adenotonsillectomy for Snoring and Mild Sleep Apnea in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023 Dec 5;330(21):2084-2095. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.22114. PMID: 38051326; PMCID: PMC10698619.
- Tapia IE, Lee MH, Arens R. Starting to Connect the Dots: Sleep-disordered Breathing, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Brain Structure, and Cognition in Children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2025 Nov;211(11):1992-1993. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202505-1307ED. PMID: 40824149; PMCID: PMC12618989.
- Ersu R, Chen ML, Ehsan Z, Ishman SL, Redline S, Narang I. Persistent obstructive sleep apnoea in children: treatment options and management considerations. Lancet Respir Med. 2023 Mar;11(3):283-296. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00262-4. Epub 2022 Sep 23. PMID: 36162413.
- Kaditis A, Gozal D. Sleep Studies for Clinical Indications during the First Year of Life: Infants Are Not Small Children. Children (Basel). 2022 Apr 7;9(4):523. doi: 10.3390/children9040523. PMID: 35455567; PMCID: PMC9025263.
- Gurbani N, Pascoe JE, Katz S, Sawnani H. Sleep disordered breathing: Assessment and therapy in the age of emerging neuromuscular therapies. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021 Apr;56(4):700-709. doi: 10.1002/ppul.24988. Epub 2020 Aug 4. PMID: 32720756.
Health Disparities
- Kou, Yann-Fuu, et al. “Tonsillectomy Outcomes among Children with Mental Health Disorders in the United States.” Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, vol. 162, no. 5, 2020, pp. 754–60, doi:10.1177/0194599820910115.
- Gueye-Ndiaye S, Williamson AA, Redline S. Disparities in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Upstream Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Implications. Clin Chest Med. 2023 Sep;44(3):585-603. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.03.012. Epub 2023 May 8. PMID: 37517837; PMCID: PMC10513750.