| Name of questionnaire | Self-Efficacy in Sleep Apnea (SEMSA) |
| Type of questionnaire-description, age | Disease-specific measure of pretreatment expectancies regarding OSA and CPAP treatment in adults. Designed to assess adherence-related cognitions. |
| Number of items | 26 items |
| Number of domains & categories | 3 subscales |
| Name of categories/domains | Risk perception, outcome expectancies, and treatment self-efficacy |
| Scaling of items | 1 to 4: Higher scores indicate greater perceived self-efficacy, greater perceived response efficacy, and higher perceived susceptibility |
| Scoring available: with permission or free | With permission from developer |
| Scoring test-retest reliability | It ranges from 0.68 to 0.77 (r=0.68 for perceived risk, 0.77 for outcome expectancies and 0.71 for treatment self-efficacy) |
| Scoring Internal consistency | Cronbach alpha for total score= 0.92 |
| Validity | It has a content validity by a panel of judges |
| Available forms (short and/or long etc.) | SEMSA (long form) and SEMSA-15 (short form in French) |
| Language | English |
| Translations in other languages (if yes, then list the languages) | Chinese, Danish, French, Spanish-Colombia, Thai, Turkish |
| Developer name | Terri E. Weaver, PhD, RN, FAAN, ATSF, FAASM |
| Developer contact information | 814 Franklin Ave.,
River Forest,
IL 60305
teweaver@uic.edu |
| Availability of questionnaire needs permission from developer, cost or freely available | Use with permission from developer |
| Limitations | Long questionnaire (a shorter version, SEMSA-15 in French) |
| Link to the questionnaire (if available) | Not available |
| Other comments | SEMSA has robust psychometric properties and can identify patient perceptions that may predict poor CPAP treatment adherence |
| Patient populations in who questionnaire has been validated | Clinic-based patients with OSA |
| References (including original publication, validity and reliability in different countries/languages, populations and long/short versions) | - Weaver TE, Maislin G, Dinges DF, Younger J, Cantor C, McCloskey S, Pack AI. Self-efficacy in sleep apnea: instrument development and patient perceptions of obstructive sleep apnea risk, treatment benefit, and volition to use continuous positive airway pressure. Sleep. 2003 Sep;26(6):727-32. doi:10.1093/sleep/26.6.727. PMID: 14572127.
- Lai AY, Fong DY, Lam JC, Weaver TE, Ip MS. Linguistic and psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the self-efficacy measures for sleep apnea questionnaire. Sleep Med. 2013 Nov;14(11):1192-8. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.04.023. PMID: 24051110.
- Galeano, EMM. Validez y confiabilidad del instrumento SEMSA “Medición de la autoeficacia percibida en apnea del sueño” (Perceived self-efficacy measure for sleep apnea). Versión en español. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Enfermería. Bogotá, Colombia. 2014. https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/47273
- Mateus-Galeano EM, Céspedes-Cuevas VM. Validez y confiabilidad del instrumento" Medición de la autoeficacia percibida en apnea del sueño"-SEMSA: Versión en español. Aquichan. 2016 Jan;16(1):67-82.
- Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Coste O, Bioulac S, Guichard K, Monteyrol PJ, Ghorayeb I, Weaver TE, Weibel S, Philip P. A French update on the Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea (SEMSA) to assess continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use. Sleep Breath. 2019 Mar;23(1):217-226. doi: 10.1007/s11325-018-1686-7. PMID: 29946945.
- Dupuy L, Bioulac S, Coste O, Guichard K, Monteyrol PJ, Ghorayeb I, Philip P, Micoulaud-Franchi JA. Proposition of a shortened version of the self-efficacy measure for sleep apnea (SEMSA-15): psychometric validation and cut-off score for CPAP adherence. Sleep and Vigilance. 2020;4(1):17-21. doi:10.1007/s41782-020-00083-8.
- Gentina T, Gentina E, Douay B, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Pépin JL, Bailly S. Investigating associations between social determinants, self-efficacy measurement of sleep apnea and CPAP adherence: the SEMSA study. Front Neurol. 2023 Jul 17;14:1148700. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1148700. PMID: 37528857.
- Alptekin G, Ciray N, Basoglu OK, Weaver TE. Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of Self-Efficacy Measure for Sleep Apnea (SEMSA) Instrument. West J Nurs Res. 2024 Sep;46(9):692-699. doi: 10.1177/01939459241272055. 2024 Aug. PMID: 39171427.
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| Updated by | Bilgay Izci Balserak, MS PhD |
| The last date of update | November 2024 |