| Name of questionnaire | Epworth Sleepines Scale (ESS) |
|---|---|
| Type of original questionnaire-description, age/population | Measure of sleepiness in daily life. The ESS asks the patient to rate their likelihood of falling asleep under 8 different circumstances. |
| Number of items | 8 |
| Number of domains/categories | 1 |
| Name of categories/domains | Propensity of falling asleep |
| Scaling of items | 4-point scale (0 – 3) |
| Scoring available: with permission or free | Free for individual users and non-funded academic research. For further information, it is recommended to contact Mapi Research Trust in France. |
| Scoring test-retest reliability | Test-retest reliability varied between 0.81 and 0.93 measured over a few weeks to a few months, tested by intraclass correlation coefficient, in five separate investigations. |
| Scoring Internal consistency | Cronbach’s alpha varied between 0.73 and 0.90 (mean = 0.82) in ten separate investigations |
| Validity | The ESS had a statistically significant association with self-rated problem sleepiness but low correlation with mean sleep latency (r=0.51) or measures of sleep apnea severity. |
| Language | English, initially developed for Australia. |
| Translations in other languages (if yes, then list the languages) | 66 languages (e.g., Arabic, Chinese, Croatian, French, German, Greek, Italian, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Norwegian, Persian, Peruvian, Portuguese, Serbian, Spanish, Thai, Turkish, Urdu) |
| Developer name | Dr. Murray Johns |
| Developer contact information for permission | Dr Murray Johns c/o Optalert Ltd Level 3, Building 5, 658 Church Street Richmond, Melbourne, Victoria 3121, Australia Telephone: +61 3 9425 5000 Facsimile: +61 3 9425 5001 MAPI Research Trust PRO Information Support 27 Rue de la Villette, 69003 Lyon, France Phone: +33 (0) 4 7213 6575 Fax: +33 (0) 4 7213 6682 Email: PROinformation@mapi-trust.org https://eprovide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/epworth-sleepiness-scale |
| Availability of questionnaire: needs permission from developer, cost or freely available | Free of charge to individual clinicians and researchers. Organizations require a license to use it. All license arrangements are given by Mapi Research Trust in France. |
| Limitations | Recall bias because retrospective reports. Subjective measure that has no close relationship with objective measures (such as mean sleep latencies of multiple sleep latency test MSLT). No statistically or clinically significant association between Epworth scores and mean sleep latency test, suggesting that the 2 tests may evaluate different, complementary aspects of sleepiness. |
| Link to the questionnaire (if available) | http://epworthsleepinessscale.com/about-the-ess/ |
| Other comments | Scored using 4-point scale (0 – 3) for each of the eight items (0: no chance of dozing, 1: slight chance, 2: moderate chance, 3: high chance of dozing) Normal range: 0-10 Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) >10 Mild EDS: 11-12 Moderate EDS: 13-15 Severe EDS: 16-24 |
| Patient populations in who questionnaire has been validated | Adults |
| References | Original Publication: Validity and reliability in different populations:
Long/short versions: 9. Zhang JN, Peng B, Zhao TT, Xiang M, Fu W, Peng Y. Modification of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in Central China. Qual Life Res. 2011 Dec;20(10):1721-6. |
| Updated by | Marie-Anne Melone, MD |
| The last date of update | November 2022 |
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