PRA OUTCOMES
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
|
Description |
|
| Name of Questionnaire | Montreal Cognitive Assessment 1 |
| Abbreviation/Alternate Name | MoCA© |
| Description: | Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) |
| Developer | Ziad Nasreddine https://mocacognition.com |
| info@mocacognition.com | |
| Cost | Training certification US $150.00 if not students, faculty members, academic researchers and publicly operated healthcare institutions. Free after certification/signing disclaimer. |
| License required | Training & certification mandatory for “all clinicians, researchers, health professionals, and workers administering MoCA for clinical or research purposes”. |
| Self-or rater-administered | Self and trained by interviewer in person or by telephone.2 |
| Time to complete | 5 min telephone to 15 min (paper version). |
| Number of items | 30 |
| Domains & categories (#) | 6 |
| Name of domains/ categories | Attention, orientation, language, verbal memory, visuospatial, and executive function. |
| Scaling of items | 0 to 6 points |
| Scoring | 0-30 (high scores more favorable). Total score and subscores on each of 6 domains: >26; normal; 18–25 mild; 10–17 moderate; <10 severe cognitive impairment 1 |
| Test-retest/ reproducibility |
|
| Validity | Content validity vs. MMSE 1,2 |
| Responsiveness to PR |
· 3 months post PR, Pre 22, post 25 p<.01 3 · Those with mild CI and ECOPD 6 wk PR (Δ1.6 ± 2.4, p = 0.004), no change in those without CI 4 |
| MID | Not available in pulmonary disease |
| Languages | >100 (https://mocacognition.com) |
| References |
1. Nasreddine et. al. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53: 695-699. 2. Eastus et al. Front Rehabil Sci 2022; 3: 987356. 3. Bonnevie et. al. Int J Chronic Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15: 1111-1121 4. Frances et. al. Respir Med 2021; 176: 106249. |
| Date of most recent changes | January 2026 |
PRA OUTCOMES
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
|
Description |
|
| Name of Questionnaire | Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test |
| Abbreviation/Alternate Name | RAVLT™; Rey AVLT; AVLT |
| Description: | Assesses verbal learning, immediate recall, delayed recall, and recognition memory. Evaluates episodic memory and susceptibility to interference. 1,2,3 |
| Developer | André Rey (Original, 1958). Adapted by Michael Schmidt (1996). |
| https://www.wpspublish.com/ravlt-rey-auditory-verbal-learning-test (Publisher) | |
| Cost | Fees apply for commercial kits (manuals/forms). Word lists often found in public domain for research, but standardized norms/forms require purchase. |
| License required | Copyright © 1996 by Western Psychological Services. |
| Self-or rater-administered | Rater-administered. |
| Time to complete | 10–15 minutes (active testing). Total time ~45 mins including delay interval.4 |
| Number of items | 30 words total (15 words in List A + 15 words in List B). |
| Domains & categories (#) | 5 |
| Name of domains/ categories | Learning (List A Trials 1–5); Interference (List B); Immediate Recall (List A Trial 6); Delayed Recall (List A Trial 7); Recognition (List A). |
| Scaling of items | 0-15/trial |
| Scoring | Number of correct words.4,5 |
| Test-retest/ reproducibility |
Test-retest total learning recall (Trials 1-5, r= 0.68). Internal consistency Cronbach a = 0.80 in young healthy adults.6 |
| Validity |
RAVLT learning (i.e., sum of first 5 trials) correlates with Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) immediate recall (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). RAVLT delayed recall correlates with BVRT delayed recall (r = 0.39, p < 0.05).6 |
| Responsiveness to PR |
3-months PR: RAVLT sum of first 5 trials: = 6.23, 95% CI [3.24, 9.23] RAVLT immediate recall: = 1.14, 95% CI [0.34, 1.94] RAVLT delayed recall: = 1.11, 95% CI [0.16, 2.07]7 |
| MID | Not established for pulmonary diseases. |
| Languages | Available in several languages. |
| References |
1. Rosenberg SJ et al. J Clin Psychol. 1984;40:785-787. 2. Loring DW et al. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2023;29:397-405. 3. McMinn et al. Clin Neuropsychol. 1988;2:67-87. 4. UDS Instructions Form C2T. Univ of Washington; 2025;30-31. 5. Stricker et al. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2020;27;211-226. 6. Magalhaes SDS et al. Clin Neuropsych. 2012;9:129-137. 7. Pereira ED et al. Lung. 2011;189:279-285. |
| Date of most recent updates | January 2026 |
PRA OUTCOMES
Trail Making Test
|
Description |
|
| Name of Questionnaire | Trail Making Test 1 |
| Abbreviation/Alternate Name | TMT |
| Description: | A test to assess cognitive function (psychomotor speed, visual attention, working memory, executive function). Trail A and B; are part of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. |
| Developer | John E. Partington & Russell G. Leiter 1 |
| https://eatspeakthink.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/IowaTrailMaking.pdf | |
| Cost | Free. |
| License required | No |
| Self-or rater-administered | Rater-administered. |
| Time to complete | 5 to 10 minutes. |
| Number of items | Part A consists of connecting 25 numbered circles (1 to 25) in ascending order; Part B 25 circles alternating numbers and letters (1 to 13, A to L). |
| Domains & categories (#) | Two. |
| Name of domains/categories | Parts A & Part B. |
| Scaling of items | In seconds |
| Scoring | Number of seconds to complete Part A and Part B. Higher scores indicate greater cognitive impairment. 1 |
| Test-retest/reproducibility |
Test-retest reliability:
0.69 (neuropsychiatric patients). 3
0.66 (neuropsychiatric patients). 3 |
| Validity | Construct validity: Part A (visuoperceptual abilities) and Part B (working memory and task-switching). 4 |
| Responsiveness to PR |
· Part A: pre-post mean D = -2.17 (in male COPD patients) and -4.02 (in female COPD patients). · Part B: pre-post mean D = -33.89 (in male COPD patients) and -40.4 (in female COPD patients) (p < 0.05). 5 |
| MID | Not available for pulmonary diseases. |
| Languages | Available in several languages. |
| References |
1. Reitan RM.. Percept Mot Skills . 1958;8:271-276.. 2. Matarazzo JD et al. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1974;158:37-49. 3. Goldstein G et al. Clinical Neuropsychol.1989;3:265-272. 4. Sanchez-Cubillo I et al. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2009;15:438-50. 5. Emery CF et al. Chest. 1991;100:613-7. |
| Date of most recent changes | January 2026 |