Michael O. Harhay, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Medicine (Pulmonary and Critical Care), and Statistics and Data Science at the University of Pennsylvania. His current research focuses on the development and application of causal inference and Bayesian statistical methods to improve pragmatic and cluster-randomized trials, particularly those embedded in health systems and for patients with critical and severe illnesses. Dr. Harhay has authored more than 250 scientific publications and is involved in a wide range of international research activities, including randomized trial data safety and monitoring boards, societal and trial steering committees, research consortia, and currently serves as deputy editor of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and is an editor of the International Journal of Epidemiology. Michael holds a PhD in clinical epidemiology and four master’s degrees in bioethics, global health, demography, and statistics, all from the University of Pennsylvania.