FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Tear Gas and Pepper Spray Pose Serious Respiratory Risks, ATS Warns
Even brief exposure can trigger lung injury, infections, and long-term breathing problems in the public
NEW YORK, NY – Jan.16, 2026 – According to research published in journals from the American Thoracic Society (ATS), inhaling tear gas or pepper spray—even during a single incident—can harm respiratory function and increase the risk of lung complications for the general public, particularly those with serious lung diseases.
Key Concerns: Increased Risk After One Exposure
Tear gas agents can trigger coughing, airway inflammation, reduced lung function, and even lung collapse—not just transient discomfort.
Even minimal tear gas exposure can weaken respiratory defenses, making individuals more susceptible to bronchitis or pneumonia, conditions often caused by viral infections.
Severe Respiratory Injury from Pepper Spray
Though rare, serious complications such as pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema, and rarely death (.03 percent risk), have been documented following acute tear gas and pepper spray–induced airway inflammation. In 2020, the American Thoracic Society called for a moratorium on use of tear gas use.
“Chemical irritants like tear gas and pepper spray are not just immediately painful—they are inhalation hazards that can cause lasting lung and laryngeal injury, increase infection risk, exacerbate underlying respiratory conditions, and, in the susceptible, death” said Anthony M. Szema, MD, ATSF, chair of the ATS Section on Terrorism and Inhalation Disasters. “We urge caution in any use of these agents, advocate for less lethal sticky foam and slippery mobility denial systems, and stronger long-term medical monitoring of exposed individuals, including bystanders.”
Dr. Szema also urges:
- Treat tear gas and pepper spray as respiratory hazards.
- Mandate health screenings for anyone exposed.
- Advocate for research on long-term lung effects.
Public Health Implications: Hidden Lung Damage
The airborne nature of tear gas also makes it impossible to use in a manner that doesn’t endanger uninvolved people such as innocent bystanders and the media. Tear gas is also a concern to medical personnel exposed when treating protestors, since the agents can contaminate clothing and medical equipment.
Vulnerable Populations at Risk
Children, the elderly, people with asthma or COPD, and those in enclosed spaces face particularly heightened danger from even brief exposure.
Tips if you’ve been exposed to tear gas or pepper spray:
- Seek fresh air in open, well-ventilated areas away from the source.
- Stay calm and walk away rather than breathing hard while running away.
- Avoid rubbing eyes.
- Remove contaminated clothing.
- Seek medical help.
Contact for Media:
Dacia Morris, American Thoracic Society, dmorris@thoracic.org
About the American Thoracic Society:
Founded in 1905, the American Thoracic Society is the world's leading medical society dedicated to accelerating the advancement of global respiratory health through multidisciplinary collaboration, education, and advocacy. Core activities of the Society’s more than 30,000 members are focused on leading scientific discoveries, advancing professional development, impacting global health, and transforming patient care. Key areas of member focus include developing clinical practice guidelines, hosting the annual International Conference, publishing four peer-reviewed journals, advocating for improved respiratory health globally, and developing an array of patient education and career development resources.